Inpatient Obstetric Nurse (NCC) Practice Exam

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What effect does insufficient surfactant have on the lungs of premature infants?

Increased lung volume
Decreased oxygenation ability
Prolonged respiratory rate
Reduced risk of infections

The correct answer is: Decreased oxygenation ability

Insufficient surfactant in the lungs of premature infants leads to decreased oxygenation ability, primarily because surfactant plays a crucial role in reducing surface tension within the alveoli. When surfactant levels are low, the alveoli can collapse, making it difficult for the infant to fully expand their lungs. This results in reduced lung compliance, which hinders the ability to take in adequate amounts of air. Consequently, the oxygen exchange process is impaired, leading to decreased levels of oxygen in the bloodstream. Infants with insufficient surfactant may struggle with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), characterized by labored breathing and low blood oxygen levels. This directly correlates to the challenges faced in maintaining adequate oxygen saturation, making it essential to understand the vital function of surfactant in lung physiology.